UNESCO’s aim was to help developing countries achieve scientific autonomy by assisting with 1) science planning (establishing a national science policy and national agency to execute policy) and 2) execution of science policy. The three phases of this work involved: formation of science and technology workers (training); building an organisational structure of national science institutions; and lastly, identification and implementation of priority research programs focused on natural resources and industry. In helping a nation to develop a national science policy and executing agency, UNESCO’s method involved two phases. In the first, an expert was sent on a short-term mission to assess the situation and identify problems for research. In the second, a longer-term mission of experts visited the country to establish the executive agency, train personnel, and help initiate the work plan. From 1965-1966 UNESCO sent out twenty planning missions. (Katz, 1968:405)